What is pneumonia??? What cause pneumoniae ????

Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that involves a complex set of steps, beginning with the initial contact with a pathogenic microorganism (bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites) and culminating with the invasion of the lower respiratory tract. This infection can be acquired in the community (community acquired pneumonia) or within the hospital setting (nosocomial pneumonia), and can be transmitted by aspirated or inhaled microorganisms. Although the disease can occur in young and healthy people, it is most dangerous for older adults, babies, and people with chronic comorbidities.  Pneumonia is a severe health problem and a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.

La neumonía es una infección pulmonar, que puede ser causada por bacteria virus, hongos o parásitos.  Esta infección se puede adquirir en la comunidad y es llamada neumonía adquirida en la comunidad o puede ser adquirida en el hospital y se llama neumonía de origen nosocomial.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality in all age groups worldwide. CAP is the sixth cause of death worldwide and is a major burden on health care resources. In the United States pneumonia and influenza together caused 50,000 deaths in 2010 — the ninth leading cause of death in this territory. In Europe the mortality rates of CAP vary widely from country to country, ranging between <1% and 48%.

The differing percentages of causative microorganisms associated with CAP that have been reported in studies are likely to be due to a number of factors, including diversity in local epidemiology, setting (outpatients, hospitalized, or ICU), pneumonia severity, and patient characteristics (eg, sex, age, and comorbidities). S. pneumoniae is widely accepted as being the most common CAP-causing pathogen across a range of severities and patient ages. In Europe and in the United States S. pneumoniae accounts for about 30 to 35% of cases. 

La Neumonia Adquirida en la Comunidad (NAC) es un problema grave de salud  que se asocia con una alta tasa de enfermedad y mortalidad en todos los grupso de edad a nivel mundial. A nivel mundial se considera la sexta causa de mortalidad por infecciones infecciosas.   El agente causal mas frecuente de la NAC,  según múltiples estudios internacionales es Streptococcus pneumoniae (neumococo). En Europa y USA, Streptococcus pneumoniae es el agente causante de neumonía en 30 a 35% de los casos diagnosticados.

 

Rx, patient 38 years old with alveolar pneumonia in URL, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the pathogen isolated from blood culture  and urinary antigen for was positive

Rx, patient 49 year old, with pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila , image show alveolar consolidation in ULL

RX, patient 40 years old, with influenza A pneumonia, image show intestitial infiltrates